Author Topic: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park  (Read 1942 times)

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Offline seacoastartillery

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Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« on: March 21, 2013, 05:06:17 PM »
     Today Mike, my grandson and I started an exploration of the three large seacoast cannon in City Park.  Mike and I have studied the 100 Pdr. Parrott Seacoast and Navy Rifle very thoroughly, but have mostly just glanced at the other two, an 11-Inch Dahlgren Shell Gun in remarkable condition, sitting majestically on it's concrete plinth pointing due West and a 13-Inch Seacoast Mortar Model 1861 facing the Denver Zoo's Aviary Enclosure.

     Mike and I thought it would be fun to just post a few pics of the 13" Mortar and a young artilleryman who was given the command, "point mortar 15 degrees Nor Nor West".  This was the first time working with the seacoast mortar crew, so please forgive his unorthodox stance.  He did better when we offered him brunch at Rooster's Cafe off 58th in north Denver.  With that in mind, he put his back into it when I yelled, "Heave!!" into his ear. 

Tracy


When I asked this young recruit if he wanted to move a 20,000 pound seacoast mortar and bed, he said,  "Let's go".  Even the South wouldn't enlist a six year old, but seacoast artillery needs all the help it can get.  We grabbed some measurement tools and two Maneuvering Handspikes and we were off to City Park.










These nuts were big at 1.50" across the flats and 5/8ths inch high.

Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline MKlein

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #1 on: March 22, 2013, 12:13:10 AM »
Wow, looks like a day in Denver without snow!! Did ya bring powder and matches to fire that big mortar?
It looks like the city needs to give it a paint job to preserve it better even though it is in better shape than some I have seen.
You can tell it is the original mortar bed because it has the correct bolt pattern. People keep making mortar beds with unhistorical patterns, The newly refurbished mortar bed at Moultrie is close to being right. The original one was in horrible shape.
 
 

Offline KABAR2

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #2 on: March 22, 2013, 06:08:29 AM »

Well it's nice to see your bringing up the next generation of cannoneer right! I developed my love of cannon at an early age..... my first trip to Fort Ti was when I was seven... one of the uniformed staff told me I could take one of the shells that lined the drive to the main gate home if I could pick it up and carry it...... Boy did I try but my young muscles weren't strong enough so they got to keep their shell...... It didn't stop me from collecting them though, my grandad gave me a WWI 5" when I was 11 and I purchased a CW 3" Hocthkiss shell for the princely sume of 10.00 the same year... (1971) that was a lot of money for a 11 year old...... Keep encouraging his interest he's our future!
Mr president I do not cling to either my gun or my Bible.... my gun is holstered on my side so I may carry my Bible and quote from it!

Sed tamen sal petrae LURO VOPO CAN UTRIET sulphuris; et sic facies tonituum et coruscationem si scias artficium

Offline shred

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #3 on: March 22, 2013, 06:11:55 AM »
What, no beard and spiffy hat? :)

Since that is an original carriage for the 13" seacoast, what is on the other side from the nuts-- bolt heads? (square? hex?) or another nut?


Offline seacoastartillery

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #4 on: March 22, 2013, 10:22:02 PM »
      Skidmark,   We have had plenty of those days this winter, but this is not one of them.  2 inches and counting and about 6 tomorrow and 6 the next day and maybe a bit on Monday too.  Yes, the bed is in pretty good shape; a few items are missing, but it has very little corrosion. 
 
      That 13" Seacoast bed does look pretty good.  What about that fourth piece down the row.  Is that the 10" Columbiad 1844 that had a trunnion knocked off and a muzzle ricochet and given to Eason Bros. to rifle, band and trunnion band with a solid bronze piece?  The last three in cannon row are a 7" Treble-Banded Brooke Rifle, a Navy 8" Parrott and a 10" Seacoast Parrott, if I remember correctly.
 
      Kabar2,   We try really hard to continue his education after school on weekends and on Easter Break.  I was just as pleased to see him building forts this week with some kids he met in my neighborhood.  He still likes cannons, but is more interested in forts and building dams these days which is just fine.  Funny you mentioned Ticonderoga, because my family was on the way there, when I was 10, when I saw my first seacoast gun, a 100 Pdr. Parrott on old Route 22 near Dresden Road on the edge of Lake Champlain.  You see the old Route 22 looped close to the lake and then came up a steep hill which is now Dresden Road about 10 miles north of Whitehall, NY.  Just before the road crested the hill there loomed, on the right, a large and impressive Parrott 100 Pdr.  mounted with a huge pile of 8" Columbiad shells.  The old 57 Plymouth was huffing and puffing going up that hill so my Father didn't even stop, but I couldn't get that image out of my head for 50 years until I saw it again in 2007 on the way to, coincidentally, Ticonderoga.
 
      Shred,    Nope, no beard and spiffy hat, but an insatiable curiosity which will serve him well as he constantly fills in the large gaps that exist in today's formal education.  Mostly square bolt heads on the other side about 1/2" tall.  A few hex, but I did not note their locations as I have never wanted to do an all out recreation of this mortar.  I did learn something new today as I looked at this piece closer than ever before.  I now understand the construction of the cheeks of this mortar bed.  Some of you knew that it was constructed like a torsion box, but very few of you know how the exact separation of plates was maintained.  I didn't either on Thursday, but on friday, I made a discovery.  I will show you a picture.
 
 Tracy
 
 
 This photo gives you 1/4 of the mathmatical solution to the quandary (3.25").  It also contains the clue I never noticed before, the centrally located 1" dia. head of a pin or rod that is flush with the 90 deg.  flat exterior flange.
 
 
 
 
 This pic shows that only 1/2" of the exterior flange extends out from the exterior of the outer cheek plate.
 
 
 
 
 Same 1/2" on the interior cheek plate.
 
 
 
 
      So, you can see that the 1" dia. of the rod spacer keeps the two 5/8" thick plates parallel and holds the exterior 3.25" wide rim band on while letting each edge hang out 1/2" on each side.  (1"+.625"+.625"+.50"+.50") = 3.25"  This form of construction gives up very little strength over solid plate yet saves many pounds from that which would be required if constructed with 2.25" thick wrought iron plate.
 
These large mortars weigh close to 17,000 pounds so with the elevation notches and fulcrum for an elevating bar, you see how half of it works. With zero preponderance to overcome, you can achieve muzzle depression with this rig as it is.  You need the missing over-loop secured by means of bolts thru the two holes flanking the elevating bar notch in the vertical plate.  working the lever against this added hardware you could get elevation of the tube too.




Now take a closer look at the vent positions.  Note how only the right is drilled through.




Working alone, it is easier to use a quarter to set a scale of sizes of objects that lie in a plane close to the coin's plane.  I can get the size dimensions of all the objects in this photo using proportion and calculation based on the image size related to the quarter's actual size.




That bore almost looks small when compared to the whole 45" dia. muzzle face.




The makings at the top.




The markings at the bottom.  Did someone get a hatchet for his birthday?

Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline MKlein

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #5 on: March 23, 2013, 02:49:23 AM »
Here is another picture showing that this top piece is a 3.25" flat and not a T-shape

 
More pics can be seen here
http://www.flickr.com/photos/87356288@N06/sets/72157633069069670/

There is a stamp revealed in M&T's reply #4 photos 1&3.Not sure what it means??
 

Offline Double D

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #6 on: March 23, 2013, 03:08:59 AM »
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      So, you can see that the 1" dia. of the rod spacer keeps the two 5/8" thick plates parallel and holds the exterior 3.25" wide rim band on while letting each edge hang out 1/2" on each side.  (1"+.625"+.625"+.50"+.50") = 3.25"  This form of construction gives up very little strength over solid plate yet saves many pounds from that which would be required if constructed with 2.25" thick wrought iron plate.
 

Peg rivets?

Offline Zulu

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #7 on: March 23, 2013, 03:32:34 AM »
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
      So, you can see that the 1" dia. of the rod spacer keeps the two 5/8" thick plates parallel and holds the exterior 3.25" wide rim band on while letting each edge hang out 1/2" on each side.  (1"+.625"+.625"+.50"+.50") = 3.25"  This form of construction gives up very little strength over solid plate yet saves many pounds from that which would be required if constructed with 2.25" thick wrought iron plate.
 

Peg rivets?

M&T describe what they are.  They are the 1" rods that seperate the two plates.  As I understand it, between the two side plates is hollow with the exception of the 1" rod spacers. 
Zulu
Zulu's website
www.jmelledge.com

Offline shred

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #8 on: March 23, 2013, 04:41:01 AM »

M&T describe what they are.  They are the 1" rods that seperate the two plates.  As I understand it, between the two side plates is hollow with the exception of the 1" rod spacers. 
Zulu
The two interior bolt patterns that don't correspond to other attachments appear to be placed in radial lines from the trunnions.  I suppose they could have added some strips of 1" flat bar drilled appropriately on the interior along those lines, but I'm not sure how necessary that would be-- it seems compression forces on a laminated carriage like this would tend to bow the sides outwards, which a line of bolts would deter nicely.


Offline Double D

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #9 on: March 23, 2013, 04:50:40 AM »

 
M&T describe what they are.  They are the 1" rods that seperate the two plates.  As I understand it, between the two side plates is hollow with the exception of the 1" rod spacers. 
Zulu

That is correct and they are fastened by what looks like to my eye as peg rivets.  Pegs that are driven in a hole in the end of a rod that goes through a tapered hole.  The peg is usually harder than the rod.  When Peg is driven it causes the rod head to flair in the taper hole which pull the strapping with the taper hole tighter against the metal--the cheek in this case.  I saw something some where recently talking about this old form of metal joinery. 

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #10 on: March 23, 2013, 08:06:32 AM »
     I have a house full of company on this snowy, snowy day, so I have to be brief.  Thanks for the photos, Mark.  They are very clear and it shows how well a little paint can spiff things up and provide clarity.  Never have heard of Peg Rivets. Double D., but Knew it had to be a flair of the rod head somehow.  The Peg Rivet seems like an excellent way to accomplish this in combination with a tapered hole as you mentioned.  I consider that closed. Thanks.

     Zulu described concisely, the construction of the cheeks which more accurately tells of their configuration.  Thanks, Michael.  I have figured out what the obscure marking, which Mark pointed out, refers to and will now show a pic of that and briefly describe the source of the iron strips which were produced there.  Shred has described what the major forces of compression from the 17,000 pound weight upon the cheeks will do and the engineers solution for natural Bow-Out, radial lines of bolts.  The pins or rods preventing inward collapse are roughly parallel, not radial.

Tracy


The marking stamped into the flat steel strip which forms the periphery of the cheeks is seen here.  Part of the letter, "U" has been obliterated by the edge of the Peg Rivet section of the 1" spacer rod.





     The Ulster Iron Works made all types of iron products from 1816 to 1874.  I used to live in Ulster County, New York and had a good
friend who lived in Ulster Park, adjacent to Kingston, NY very close to the old iron works.  The stamp is simply a maker's I.D.


Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline GGaskill

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #11 on: March 23, 2013, 08:59:51 PM »


Using the above image for reference, there is a row of bolts paralleling the diagonal flange and a similar parallel row of bolts or rivets along the bottom flange.  While I do not have the AOP Folio for the M1861 13" mortar, the one for the 8" M1861 mortar distinctly shows T-shaped pieces on both the diagonal and bottom flanges.  Now they may be fabricated T's (the two legs riveted together) versus rolled T's (especially the bottom one), but it appears from the drawing that a full length piece of plate separates the outer and inner side plates.

Maybe entsminger can weigh in here with his Folio on the 13" M1861.
GG
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Offline Double D

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #12 on: March 24, 2013, 06:25:46 AM »
I don't consider it closed...I'm trying to remember where  saw the bit about the rivets...I think it was in one of the Lindsay books on metal working.  I was doing some research on metal working for building the long Cecil carriage.    It will be a year before I see those books again.

Offline seacoastartillery

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #13 on: March 24, 2013, 07:20:48 AM »
      GGaskill,   Thank you for bring that to our attention.  As most of us know, almost all products change during their production life.  The 13" Seacoast Mortar Bed is no exception.  I checked my copy of No. 41 from AOP and found that the version depicted by extensive drawings shows a type of cheek construction consistent with what you wrote.  The drawings show a "Shoe Iron" for the bottom edge of the cheeks which has the typical "T" shape and is 6.5" wide and 3.5" total height including a tongue 2.25" high that goes between the cheek plates and has regular spaced bolt holes along it's length.  Being on the bottom, as it is, we could not check these features on the one in the park. 

     We did, however check the features of the "Cap Iron" which runs along the diagonal top, rear part of the cheek plates.  We found, as reported that this area had a completely different form of construction.  In the AOP drawings, the Cap Iron's exposed flange edges are separated by 4.5 inches so the total width of the "Cap is 4.5" wide.  The Denver City Park mortar has a periphery band only 3.25" wide.

     The drawing shows a plate separator piece or "tongue" with holes along it's length for regular spaced bolts, which is tapered 1.25" to 1.31" thick and 2.0" long which projects between the plates.  The park gun has a simple flat strip 3.25" wide by .5" thick held in place by regular spaced pins or rods of 1" dia.  If you look closely at the photo of the light grey painted 13" mortar bed that Skidmark posted, you can see a similar construction to the Denver mortar where some pins or rods have corroded or have been pulled loose letting the band separate from the cheek plates.  Would this have happened with the earlier(most likely), more robust bolted tongue construction?  We think not.  Most changes reflect cost savings then as now. 

     Bolt pattern changes have occurred as well.  We have not had time to study these, but other members have brought them to our attention and can comment on them if they wish.  This does not mean that a particular drawing is "Wrong" if it does not match the mortar you are studying in the field, but simply that the drawing is a different revision than the one with which your mortar bed was built.

     Double D.,  Let's say that more research is necessary on those pop rivets.

Tracy
Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline MKlein

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #14 on: March 24, 2013, 08:22:28 AM »
When I was in Charleston I took some measurements of 4 different 13" Seacoast mortors and they were all the same.
My notes can be found here.
http://www.flickr.com/photos/87356288@N06/8582861582/sizes/l/in/set-72157633069069670/
and
http://www.flickr.com/photos/87356288@N06/8582861574/sizes/l/in/set-72157633069069670/
The top flat was 3.25 like the one in Denver.
I thought it was 2 seperate 1/2 plates with 1.25 flat spacers with a radiating pattern around the trunions
Other than the 3.25" flat on top instead of the T-shape and the Cheek plate pattern differences the AOP  plans have all the other dimensions to go by that match the actual mortar.
I think the lower T that sits on the ground was a cast piece like the ones on the Hern Mortars.
I'm thinking they have a rivet head not shown in between the 2 plates and what you see on the exposed surface is the side of a rivet that was beat down in a countersunk hole to give a flush appearance.

Offline GGaskill

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #15 on: March 24, 2013, 11:33:17 AM »
Perhaps these lighter construction techniques reflect repair work done after service relevance and either in preparation for or after donation as memorials.
GG
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Offline Double D

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #16 on: March 24, 2013, 10:01:08 PM »
Not pop rivets!  Peg rivets!

The theory is there is a rod or bar between the two plates  that extends from say top to bottom. A piece of flat trim with a tapered or counter sunk hole covers edge of the plate and the cross rod/bar end sticks through the hole in the trim.  The peg is driven in flaring the end which sucks the trim down tight against the edges of the two plates.

Its one of those things you notice when looking for something. It looks interesting but has no relevance to your current topic, then later, something comes up like this topic it  and you go- "hey I saw that some where.

Do the location of the rivets have any thing to do this the orientation of the bolt holes.  Such as the blots passing through a flat bar  and the end of the bar is the rivet. 

I would love to see an x-ray of one of these cheeks.  It would give some wonderful insight on how these cheeks are constructed.

Offline MKlein

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #17 on: March 25, 2013, 12:13:27 AM »
I don't know who said pop rivets but deffinately not. Bunch of fastening methods in this book.
Ships' Fastenings: From Sewn Boat to Steamship See page 154
Front Cover
http://books.google.com/books?id=7qwfBestmOEC&pg=PA149&dq=1850+rivets&hl=en&sa=X&ei=QSBQUbz2NZHI9QSK_IGwBA&ved=0CGcQ6AEwCA#v=onepage&q=1850%20rivets&f=false

Ever wonder what those things on some of the 13" Seacoast mortar trunions were for?

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #18 on: March 25, 2013, 10:02:25 AM »
       Skidmark wrote:  "I'm thinking they have a rivet head not shown in between the 2 plates and what you see on the exposed surface is the side of a rivet that was beat down in a countersunk hole to give a flush appearance." 
 
       We were writing about the possibility of peg rivets being used prior to this thought by Mark, so I am trying to envision what hardware configuration he describes, the composition of which is baffling to me.  The part which is most troublesome is this, "a rivet head not shown in between the 2 plates".  In trying to think of a good analogy, a vision of one of those politically wrought, "bridges to nowhere",  in Louisiana comes to mind, in that the thing has one half missing and serves no useful purpose.  From Mark's description I am seeing a round rivet head on the inside of the 3.25" wide iron periphery strip, "between the two plates" (cheek plates) and a flush rivet on the other side of the same iron strip.  This must be wrong, because it joins nothing together.  Perhaps you could provide a sketch, Mark, to help us better understand this configuration?  Our purpose here is NOT to put Mark on the spot, but simply to bring some clarity to the subject.  We support his field research on these big mortar beds by doing, not just by  blabbing.
 
 
 
     

 ”Not pop rivets!  Peg rivets!
 
 The theory is there is a rod or bar between the two plates  that extends from say top to bottom. A piece of flat trim with a tapered or counter sunk hole covers edge of the plate and the cross rod/bar end sticks through the hole in the trim.  The peg is driven in flaring the end which sucks the trim down tight against the edges of the two plates.
 
 Its one of those things you notice when looking for something. It looks interesting but has no relevance to your current topic, then later, something comes up like this topic it  and you go- "hey I saw that some where.
 
 Do the location of the rivets have any thing to do this the orientation of the bolt holes?  Such as the blots passing through a flat bar  and the end of the bar is the rivet. 
 
 I would love to see an x-ray of one of these cheeks.  It would give some wonderful insight on how these cheeks are constructed.”
 

 
 
      The "Pop Rivet" comment was merely to get your attention, Double D., because we wanted to hear more of your analytical thoughts on this subject.  Your second comment in red above is proof that you hardly ever disappoint us.  From our observations, the riveted end of the pins or rods are in between the bolt locations, even if you project the rod at any reasonable angle from the 3.25” wide edge strip, into the space between the cheek plates.  Another reason for an arrangement such as you described,  "the end of the bar is the rivet."  being remote, is the extra lathe operation and cost which would be required to create this special hardware.  In addition, the riveted rods only account for a third the total number of cheek plate cross bolts.
 
      As far as the X-Ray goes, if you come across any soldier of fortune who is making an obscene amount of money in your travels, just convince him to send me a bundle so I can rent one of those portable machines on a trailer.  I have a heavy-duty socket hitch and trailer brake set-up on the Suburban, you know.
 
     If anyone has any new info or thoughts on the big seacoast mortar, please post them.  For us, it's time to shift gears and start the second part of the Denver City Park Seacoast Cannon series.  Everywhere Mike and I see the huge,  XI Inch Dahlgren Shell Gun,  we have to marvel at them for their excellent design, extreme endurance and hugeness.  This is one "bad-ass" naval cannon!  Aboard the Federal ship Kearsarge, one of these big Dahlgrens, mounted as a pivot gun, sent Captain Semmes' extraordinarily successful commerce raider, CSS Alabama to the ocean floor in '64.
 
      Captain Porter in '61, even before the aborted attempt to reinforce Fort Sumter in Charleston Harbor, agreed to take the Powhatan armed with a 10 gun broadside of IX Inch Dahlgrens and an XI Inch Dahlgren Bow Pivot Gun, and a Collins Steamer loaded with Army troops, to relieve Lt. Slemmer's tiny garrison at Fort Pickens at the entrance to the Confederate held  Pensacola Bay with all the forts on the north shore and the Navy Yard. 

      This was a super secret mission initiated by the Secretary Of State and agreed to by President Lincoln.  Not even the Secretary of the Navy, Welles knew about it.  Very early in the War in '61, with southern naval officers resigning their commissions left and right, it was almost impossible to get any mission directive thru regular Navy channels without the Rebels knowing about it immediately.  What happened to the two ship flotilla when they arrived off fort Pickens?  From Admiral Porter's Memoirs, we have the answer in his own words published in the book, Blue and Gray at Sea by Brian Thomsen. 

     "General Bragg had a large force of troops in and around the navy-yard, and the second day after our arrival a number of tugs and schooners, filled with soldiers came down from Pensacola and approached Fort Pickens, whether with the intention of attaching it or not I don't know.  They no doubt took the Powhatan and the Collins steamer for store-ships, and thought it a good time to commence operations and secure "loot," , but I changed the programme by sending an eleven-inch shrapnel among them, which, bursting at the right time, threw up the water in all directions.
     The flotilla scampered off in quick time, and left us to quietly prepare the fort for any emergency, and it remained in our possession during the whole of the civil war."


     There were, of course, many other incidents involving the XI Inch Dahlgren during the war, but these are two that come to mind.

The photos of the City Park Dahlgren will be posted this evening after work,

Tracy and Mike
Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline MKlein

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #19 on: March 25, 2013, 02:03:17 PM »
Wow!
First Lt Slemmer was a real Hero and chose to stand up for the Union when the world around him was against it. His superiors sent him up the creek without a paddle and he ended up being a giant thorn in the confederacy's rear.
I really think it is built like the AOP plans with 2 plates and thick flat spacers radiating from where the trunion mounts. Just a different hole pattern and the top seems to be a fabricated T shape instead of a cast T shape.
I am open to peg rivets if I could see the process but if it tapers from large to small from the external side, I can't see how it would stay tight.
Here is best way I can do to explain my hidden steel rivits. I have put in at least a thousand in aircraft but aluminum and stainless are used.
I threw this X-Ray drawing together to hopefully keep people frome getting on those bridges to nowhere.
 

 

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #20 on: March 25, 2013, 05:25:36 PM »
     Thank you, Mark, for your timely response.  You explanation with attendant assy. drawing certainly does a lot to make sense of the alternate construction.  Seeing that there are several other 13" Seacoast Mortar beds in South Carolina where there is a fabricated rather than cast "T" along the top edge surfaces of the cheeks, we doubt very much that all of these were built to an unapproved, "redline" drawing.  We suspect very much that a formal drawing revision was in effect to note these substantial changes in construction and probably others as well.  The spacer show in the cut-away drawing shows that the spacer performs two major functions, that of preventing edge collapse when the nuts are drawn up tight and as an anchor for the long rivet which holds the 3.25" wide edge flat on. This construction also agrees with what we observed during our field inspection of the City Park mortar. 

     By doing just a little reading in our newest, favorite reference book,  The Big Guns  Civil War Siege, Seacoast and Naval Cannon by Olmstead, stark and Tucker, we have already learned two things about the Dahlgren Guns that we didn't know yesterday.  Both of these things make our Denver Dahlgren a rare bird, indeed.  Please see the photo captions for explanation.

Tracy


Located about 80 yards SSW of the 13" Mortar, the  XI-inch Dahlgren Shell Gun, with it's rich brown patina, glows in the bright Colorado sun like a huge Brown Bess.




Notice the shape of Dahlgren's design for the shell gun's.  It differs largely from Rodman's design which followed the pressure curve religiously, and, as a result, did not have a straight line on it other than the muzzle plane.  Showing once again that the old seacoast guys can still learn new tricks and facts, we now know why John Dahlgren designed his big naval cannon with a cylinder shaped reinforce.  The design allowed natural sighting along the top dead center of this cylinder in case the front or rear sights were knocked off in battle. 




Note the lack of wrap around decorative details on Dahlgren guns.  These are no large angular, mostly right angle divisions between sections of his guns in keeping with the belief that such things created fracture zones we would term stress risers these days.




Just as the U.S. on Army cannon is not stamped until the Ordnance Inspector approves it, there was a similar rule for the U.S. Naval ordnance as well.  The stamped depicted a "Stocked Anchor" which is a configuration very hard to find for sale today.  Unfortunately you can also see evidence of vandalism, by some paint-wielding vandal, which is all too common today.




The front sight mass, an integral part of the gun, is seen here. You can also see the double Cap Squares holding the trunnions.  I wonder if they were used on nautical carriages?




This view shows one of three types of muzzle swell the 465  XI-inch Dalgrens came with.  there were "bulb muzzles" and "tulip muzzles" and "straight muzzles".  Although no accurate description of any of these types was found by the authors of The Big Guns,  common sense indicates that the straight muzzle is one without any swell and suitable for a small gun port such as some ships had, like the monitors, for example.  The tulip is most likely more ornate that the bulb muzzle, therefore we believe the Denver Dahlgren has a bulb muzzle.




The right trunnion face has the bore size and date of casting.




The left trunnion face has a "P." marking signifying it has passed Proof testing.  Also the Naval Ordnance Inspecting Officer initials are there.  W. R. T. stands for William Rogers Taylor who inspected the Denver gun and worked for the  U. S. Navy  prior to and during the war.



Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling

Offline seacoastartillery

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Re: Seacoast Cannons in Denver, Colorado's City Park
« Reply #21 on: March 26, 2013, 05:19:47 AM »
     To get started on the second half of the  XI-inch Dahlgren Shell Gun  photo spread, we want to first bring up a topic that made Foundry managers howl when they were pressed to build Dahlgren guns strictly to the designer's drawings and manufacturing plans.  Their howling can be attributed to the extra 20% cost associated with casting over-size gun blocks (rough cannon shapes to be turned down to actual gun contours).  The reason Dahlgren specified over sized gun blocks was that he believed that one of the primary causes of weak cast iron in ordnance was due to uneven cooling of the cast metal due to unevenness in the diameters being cast within the length of the tube. To correct this problem, he specified that his cannon's gun blocks be cast with the least divergence from a cylinder shape so that the places where metal is least in the finished shape could be turned off on a lathe after the gun block casting had cooled and the bore drilled and bored.  The durability of Dahlgren cannon was legend, so his ideas carry a lot of weight.

     Taking a very close look at the Dahlgren gun in the park, we found something that we never noticed before.  There was clear evidence of power grinding to actually remove significant amounts of cast iron, not just for polishing.  We believe that all indications point to portable equipment was used for this grinding.  Is anyone here aware of ANY portable power equipment in use in the 1850s?  A steam-powered grinder would be very uncomfortable to use, we believe.  Any ideas?  Maybe we are misinterpreting the 2nd photo which follows this paragraph?

Mike and Tracy


Gone is the open shark's mouth breeching jaw style so common in the 1700s and one half of the 1800s.  Dahlgren saw this older style as weak and prone to impact damage so his patents changed the situation by using an inserted block to strengthen the jaws.  It slides in via tongue and groove and is retained by one vertical pin.  Easily removed, it allows changing the recoil limiting hawser.





Do you see how rounded the corners are around the square thread elevation screw hole in the neck of the cascabel.  Mere abrasive polishing would not leave these sharp corners (after square thread tapping) rounded over nearly as much.





To see what mere polishing does to identical thread form edges, look here at the same square threaded hole from the underside of the cascabel.  Not much rounding of sharp corners here.





Looking at the Rear Sight Mass and the Gun Lock projections and double vents, it's easy to see that the military gun designer's purpose was redundancy and sturdy projections above the gun profile to resist damage.  The gun lock holder on the right was ready for lock installation while the one on the left would require some cold chisling and drilling and drilling the remaider of the second vent out if the first was enlarged beyond spec. by heavy use.





Notice the heavily rounded corners on the right gun lock mount.





We have seen these many times, but still don't know exactly how such scribe lines could be cut that deeply into the cast iron to survive all that abrasive smoothing.





C. A. & Co. is the founders mark, but far more interesting is the founder story.  Cyrus Alger was the first of the South Boston founders to build an iron foundry on what they called back then, "Made Land".  To expand Boston's industrial area south and a little east of the city, dredges would deepen the harbor and pile the rocks, gravel and dirt in containment pens, open at the bottom for drainage, but contained along the sides by heavy timbers so the new land could solidify before a formal seawall was erected by the stone masons.  Although Alger's cannon were tested and proofed on Castle Island where Fort Independence was located, east of the foundry, many smaller foundries had their own cannon testing ranges scattered across the countryside south and west of Boston, Mass.





This is the registry number.  Notice that both vents are drilled, but unlike the right one which is drilled thru to the Gomer chamber, the left is drilled only as deep as necessary to provide a guide for full depth drilling in the future.  If this should be necessary after extensive use of the right vent and it's subsequent enlargement were to occur, then the right vent would be filled with molten zinc or lead.





Look at the depth of the impressions made by the hand held weight marking stamps.

Smokin' my pipe on the mountings, sniffin' the mornin'-cool,
I walks in my old brown gaiters along o' my old brown mule,
With seventy gunners be'ind me, an' never a beggar forgets
It's only the pick of the Army that handles the dear little pets - 'Tss! 'Tss!

From the poem  Screw-Guns  by Rudyard Kipling