Actually vent liners were made of copper.
Here is what one looked like.

They were screwed in and filed flush.
You want the center of the vent hole to enter the chamber of the barrel far enough from the bottom that when you prick the cartridge the prick is above the base fold of the cartridge and enters the powder and not the base wad.
Some cannons had a vent that was angled slightly to the rear. The theory being that if the base wad was too thick the angle would allow the prick to pierce the wad and go on through to the powder.
This angle would also send the ejecta of fuse/primer when fired, rearward instead straight up in the air and fall back on gun/gun crew depending on wind.