.
Let's apply a bit of history, most of the last 2,000 years.
Israel had been a hard province for Rome to control. Their stern belief in one God, with It's various prescriptions and proscriptions, made them a hard culture to dominate.
70AD... Finally fed up with the struggle, the Roman army under Titus, decided to punish the Jews.. So they attacked Jerusalem and destroyed the temple. They evicted those living in Jerusalem.
AD 132-134 The Bar Kochba revolt...a general revolt which caused Roman Emperor, Hadrian to decide to settle the "Jewish question", once and for all. So he drove the Jews out and destroyed much real estate.
Then, wanting to discourage and humiliate and residual Jews left in the area, Hadrian renamed Jerusalem " Aliea Capitolina", so as to discourage any Jews attempting to resettle the area.
Then adding insult to injury, he named the area after the Jews' continual enemies, the Philistines. The term Philistia became Palestine, and so it went from then on.
From then on, the area was a rather wild and wooly place, ruled by various tribal leaders, much like some Arab areas today.
Then Islam was invented by Muhammad and almost immediately went on the warpath..conquering territories.
They conquered the area in question, and built the dome of the rock. Islamic countries being what they are, there was continual turmoil, until the Ottoman empire emerged, headquartered in today's Turkey.
The Ottoman empire ...roughly circa 1500 until 1917....was a very effective empire, swallowing up great provinces of land, including the former Israel and Judah.
toward the end of the 19th century, the Ottoman empire was starting to crumble. Then they made a fatal mistake, the Turks joined with Germany and the Austro-Hungarian empire, to fight against the allied powers.
side lost...loser pays, so the Balfour commission decided it was time the Jews regained the homeland they were chased out of.
No surprise, since God said the Jews would return to their 'promised land' (Amos 9:13-15)..where He also said they would never again be uprooted from their home.