Cold blues will not prevent rust, a real hot blue is the only way, and the blueing salts that get into the crack, particularly if it has opened from rust, will create more corrosion if you can't wash it out. Actually, rust prevents rust, and hot blue is black oxide, which technically is rust. If you flush the affected area with a good penetrating oil, and or Breakfree, the rust will stop spreading, and protect from increase. If you are worried about deep pitting you can't see, then pull the barrel and inspect it. Oil and anti-seize should protect it after reassembly once you've wire brushed the scale out. Patina rust is a good finish, just remove scale. Patina rust is hard and better than blueing for protecting the surface, as long as it is oiled.