Layne Simpson had a big write up in Shooting times in Sept.2000 on this subject.He killed quite a few deer with the 223,22-250 & 220Swift. He felt (after the test) that impact velocity needed to be above 2500 fps.Therby limiting the 223 to about 100 yards or less! He used 53 gr Barnes X and Fed 55 gr Trophy Bonded Bear Claw bullets In all tests..Layne is a serious hunter who has the ability to turn down IFFY shots. Many beginners would not be able to hold back when presented any shot. I feel like a few others on this board,the .223 and the .410 are NOT for beginners .Experts maybe ,but not beginners! A 7 t/cu contender carbine will not kick much harder,but will be better in a new/young hunters hands!