Its basically just a simple, one-page form. Name, rank, SSN (don't even go there!). I called the number and the package arrived in 2 or 3 days. You fill it out and send to ATF in Atlanta with a check for $30 (good for 3 yrs.) You also have to fill out a one-page certification of citizenship status.
Then, fill out a second copy of the form and send to your local law enforcement CEO. This is simply a notification to them that you have applied for a C&R license and informs them that they can contact ATF IF they have info that would prevent you from qualifying.
You will have to keep good records on firearm transactions and are subject to inspections.
IMO, the best thing about this is that you now qualify for 'dealer' pricing from most retailers, not only for C&R firearms but also ammo, components, etc. Plus the convenience of having it shipped direct to your location.