Take your choice. When you get up that big and generate that many Foot Pounds, it's a matter of preference.....the whole subject gets academic. The 500 is right expensive to shoot right now with factory stuff....seems prices run from around $31-$47 a box of 20. Standard 45/70 factory stuff goes around $20 and will handle anything on this continent at 100 yds or so. 'Course the 500 is already maxxed out in factory loads, while the standard factory loads can be considerable improved; as has been stated. However, how much improvement you need, if any, depends on your hunting requirements. I"ve been shooting an NEF 45/70 for 14 years and love it; but I"ll probably end up with a 500 also...just for the heck of it. I've yet to see published ballistics on it from a rifle barrel, but suspect it will be pretty much side-by-side adequate with the 45/70 for all reasonable purposes within the constraints of the NEF action. I don't do unreasonable.